LDU

LDU stands for:

Collatz conjecture

The Collatz conjecture is a conjecture in mathematics named after Lothar Collatz, who first proposed it in 1937. The conjecture is also known as the 3n + 1 conjecture, the Ulam conjecture (after Stanisław Ulam), Kakutani's problem (after Shizuo Kakutani), the Thwaites conjecture (after Sir Bryan Thwaites), Hasse's algorithm (after Helmut Hasse), or the Syracuse problem; the sequence of numbers involved is referred to as the hailstone sequence or hailstone numbers (because the values are usually subject to multiple descents and ascents like hailstones in a cloud), or as wondrous numbers.

The conjecture can be summarized as follows. Take any positive integer n. If n is even, divide it by 2 to get n / 2. If n is odd, multiply it by 3 and add 1 to obtain 3n + 1. Repeat the process (which has been called "Half Or Triple Plus One", or HOTPO) indefinitely. The conjecture is that no matter what number you start with, you will always eventually reach 1. The property has also been called oneness.

Fluminense FC

Fluminense Football Club (Brazilian Portuguese: [flumiˈnẽsi ˈfu̇t-ˌbȯl ˈkləb]), known simply as Fluminense, is a Brazilian sports club best known for its football team that plays in the Campeonato Brasileiro Série A, the top tier of Brazilian football and the Campeonato Carioca, the state league of Rio de Janeiro. The club is based in the Laranjeiras neighbourhood of Rio de Janeiro.

Introduction

The club was founded on July 21, 1902 by the sons of Carioca aristocrats, being led by Oscar Cox, a Brazilian sportsman, in the bairro of Flamengo, a direct contrast between the aristocratic founders and the modest ground it was founded on. Cox was elected as the club's first president.

Fluminense is a demonym for people who reside in the State of Rio de Janeiro. Although football is the club's original endeavor, the club is today an umbrella organization for several teams in more than 16 different sport activities.

Fluminense's home kit is maroon-and-green vertical striped shirts, with white shorts, accompanied by white socks; this combination has been used since 1920. Adidas are the kit manufacturers.

Thiago Neves

Thiago Neves Augusto, commonly known as Thiago Neves (born 27 February 1985 in Curitiba), is a Brazilian footballer who currently plays for Al Jazira.

Club career

He scored a hat-trick in the home leg of the Copa Libertadores final – Thiago Neves had by then already scored once in the away leg (in Ecuador) — (during the 2008 Copa Libertadores) but ending up on the losing side, as Fluminense drew 5–5 on aggregate with LDU de Quito and were eventually downed in the penalty shootout. Neves was one of the players who missed a penalty.

On 30 August 2008, it was announced that Thiago Neves joined Hamburger SV player and was seen as the ideal replacement for the outgoing Rafael van der Vaart. Fluminense received 30% of the profit of R$ 3,502 thousand and rest of them belonged to a third party owner, "D.I.S Esporte e Organização de Eventos LTDA".

He left the club on 31 January 2009 and joined Al-Hilal for €7 million. Neves scored a hat-trick against the rival team Al-Ittihad which shaped their historic 5–0 victory. In 2012 he signed for Fluminense for the exact fee he was sold and at the end of that season he was crowd champion in Brazil for his new club. On July 2013 he was sold back to Al-Hilal for €6 million.

LDU Quito

Liga Deportiva Universitaria de Quito (Spanish pronunciation: [ˈliɣa ðeporˈtiβa uniβersiˈtarja]), often referred to as Liga de Quito, or simply Liga, is an Ecuadorian professional football club based in Quito. They play in the Serie A, the highest level of the Ecuadorian professional football league. They play their home games at the Estadio de Liga Deportiva Universitaria, more commonly referred to as Casa Blanca. Rival clubs include Quito-based clubs Aucas, Deportivo Quito, El Nacional, and Universidad Católica, as well as Guayaquil-based clubs Barcelona and Emelec.

Liga de Quito has its roots in the semi-pro sports teams at the Central University of Ecuador, and was officially founded in 1930. They began making an impact in the provincial leagues, winning nine Pichincha titles (six in the professional era). Their provincial success continued into the national league, where they have won ten national title (3rd overall) having won their most recent title in 2010. They are the most successful Ecuadorian club in international competitions, where they were the first Ecuadorian club to win the Copa Libertadores (2008), the Copa Sudamericana (2009), and the Recopa Sudamericana (2009 and 2010). They are the most successful team on the Pacific coast in international competition and one of only five teams —Boca Juniors, Independiente, Internacional and São Paulo being the other four— to have achieved the CONMEBOL treble, winning all three continental club tournaments. LDU Quito is the only team to win all three mentioned cups one after another between the years 2008 to 2010 causing them to be rated as the best South American team of 2008 and 2009. LDU Quito was additionally the runner-up at the 2008 FIFA Club World Cup.